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Committee on Common Names of Plant Diseases
Diseases of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Duy Phu Le, Mike Smith, Elizabeth Aitken, David Teakle
List of diseases and pathogens
| BACTERIAL AND PHYTOPLASMAL DISEASES |
|
| Big bud (bunchy top)
|
Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia |
| Bacterial rhizome rot
|
Bacillus pumilus Meyer & Gottheil |
| |
Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche &Edwards |
| Bacterial wilt
|
Ralstonia solanacearum Smith
|
| Odorous soft rot
|
Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. carotovora Waldee |
| |
= Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones)
Bergey et al. |
| |
Dickeya sp. |
| |
= Erwina chrysanthemi Burkholder et al. |
| FUNGAL AND OOMYCETES DISEASES |
|
| Anthracnose
|
Colletotrichum zingiberis Butler & Bisby |
| Aspergillus leaf spot |
Aspergillus niger Tiegh. |
| Aspergillus rot |
Aspergillus parvisclerotigenus (Mich. Saito & Tsuruta)
Frisvad & Samson |
| Bipolaris leaf spot |
Bipolaris maydis (Nisik. & Miyake) Shoemaker
|
| Black blotch
|
Pyricularia zingiberis Nisik. |
| Black rot |
Memnoniella echinata (Rivolta) Galloway |
| Blue mould rot |
Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx |
| Charcoal rot |
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid |
| Fusarium yellows and rhizome rot |
Fusarium
equiseti (Corda) Sacc. |
| |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi Trujillo |
| |
Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. |
| Grey rot |
Trichurus spiralis Hasselbr. |
| Khuskia leaf spot |
Khuskia oryzae Hudson |
| |
= Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch |
| Lasiodiplodia rot |
Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Grifon & Maubl. |
| Nectria red rot |
Nectria inventa Pethybr. |
| Phoma leaf spot |
Phoma exigua Desm. var. exigua |
| Phoma red rot |
Phoma hawaiiensis Trujillo et al. |
| Phyllosticta leaf spot |
Phyllosticta zingiberis Stevens & Ryan |
| Pseudocercospora leaf spot |
Pseudocercospora zingiberis (Rathaiah) Deighton |
| Pythium soft rot |
Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. |
| |
Pythium deliense Meurs |
| |
Pythium graminicola Subram. |
| |
Pythium myriotylum Drechsler |
| |
Pythium spinosum Sawada |
| |
Pythium splendens Braun |
| |
Pythium ultimum Trow |
| |
Pythium vexans de Bary |
| |
Pythium zingiberis Takahashi |
| Rosellinia rot |
Rosellinia bunodes (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. |
| Sclerotial blight |
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. |
| Shoestring rot |
Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer |
| Thread blight |
Rhizoctonia sp |
| NEMATODE DISEASES |
|
| Burrowing |
Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne |
| Reniform |
Rotylenchus reniformis Linford & Oliveira |
| Root-knot |
Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood |
| |
Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood |
| |
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood |
| |
Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood |
| |
Meloidogyne konaensis Eisenback, Bernard & Schmitt |
| |
Meloidogyne thailandica Handoo et al. |
| Root lesion |
Pratylenchus coffeae Goodey |
| VIRAL DISEASES |
|
| Chlorotic fleck |
Ginger chlorotic fleck virus |
| Mosaic |
Ginger mosaic virus |
| |
|
List of references
BACTERIAL AND PHYTOPLASMAL DISEASES
Big bud (bunchy top) by Candidatus
Phytoplasma aurantifolia
Pegg K. G., Moffett M. L. and Colbran R. C. (1974)
Diseases of ginger in Queensland. Queensland Agricultural Journal 5:
611-618.
Persley D., Cooke T. and House S. (2010) Diseases of
vegetable crops in Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Australia.
Bacterial rhizome rot by Bacillus pumilus Meyer & Gottheil
Peng Q., Yuan Y. and Gao M. (2013) Bacillus pumilus, a novel ginger
rhizome rot pathogen in China. Plant Disease 97: 1308-1315.
Bacterial rhizome rot by Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche &
Edwards
Nishijima K. A., Alvarez A. M., Hepperly P. R., Shintaku
M. H., Keith L. M., Sato D. M., Bushe B. C., Armstrong W. and Zee F. T. (2004)
Association of Enterobacter cloacae with rhizome rot of edible ginger in
Hawaii. Plant Disease 88: 1318-1327.
Bacterial wilt by Ralstonia solanacearum Smith
Hayward A. C., Moffett M. L. and Pegg K. G. (1967)
Bacterial wilt in ginger in Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural
and Animal Sciences 24: 1-5.
Hayward A. C. and Pegg K. G. (2013) Bacterial wilt of
ginger in Queensland: reappraisal of a disease outbreak. Australasian Plant
Pathology 42: 235-239 DOI 10.1007/s13313-012-0174-y.
Kumar A. and Sarma Y. R. (2004) Characterization of
Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt in ginger. Indian
Phytopathology 58 (1): 12-17.
Kumar A., Prameela T. P., Suseelabhai R., Siljo A.,
Anandaraj M. and Vinatzer B. A. (2014) Host specificity and genetic diversity of
race 4 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum. Plant Pathology DOI
10.1111/ppa.12189
Lum K. Y. (1973) Cross inoculation studies of
Pseudomonas solanacearum from ginger. MARDI Research Bulletin 1:
15-21.
Quinon U. L., Aragaki M. and Ishii M. (1964) Pathogenicity
and serological relationship of three strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum
in Hawaii. Phytopathology 54: 1096-1099.
Waki T., Horita M., Kurose D., Mulya K. and Tsuchiya K.
(2014) Genetic diversity of Zingiberaceae plant isolates of Ralstonia
solanacearum in the Asia-Pacific region. JARQ 47 (3): 283-294.
Xu J., Pan Z. C., Xu J. S., Zhang Z., Zhang H., Zhang L.
Q., He Z. Y. and Feng J. (2009) Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum
strains from China. European Journal of Plant Pathology 125: 641-653.
Odorous soft rot by Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. carotovora
Waldee (as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones) Bergey
et al.)
Choi J. E. and Han K. S. (1990) Bacterial soft rot and rhizome rot caused by
Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Pseudomonas marginalis
and P. solanacearum. Korean Journal of Plant Pathology 6 (3):
363-368 (English abstract).
Pegg K. G., Moffett M. L. and Colbran R. C. (1974) Diseases of ginger in
Queensland. Queensland Agricultural Journal 100: 611-618.
Odorous soft rot by Dickeya sp. (as Erwinia chrysanthemi
Burkholder et al.)
Stirling A. M. (2002) Erwinia chrysanthemi, the
cause of soft rot in ginger (Zingiber officinale) in Australia.
Australasian Plant Pathology 31: 419-420.
FUNGAL AND OOMYCETES DISEASES
Anthracnose by Colletotrichum zingiberiS Butler & Bisby
Sundraraman S. (1922) A new ginger disease in Godvari district. Memoirs of
the Department of Agriculture, India (Botanical Series) 11: 209-217.
Aspergillus leaf spot by Aspergillus niger Tiegh.
Pawar N. V., Patil V. B., Kamble S. S. and Dixit G. B. (2008) First report of
Aspergillus niger as a plant pathogen on Zingiber officinale from
India. Plant Disease 92: 1368.
Aspergillus rot by Aspergillus parvisclerotigenus (Mich. Saito &
Tsuruta) Frisvad & Samson
Akhtar A., Awan Z. A. and Shoaib A. (2014) First report of new postharvest
rot in ginger rhizome by Aspergillus parvisclerotigenus in Pakistan.
Plant Disease 98: 1158
http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0168-PDN.
Bipolaris leaf spot by Bipolaris maydis (Nisik. & Miyake) Shoemaker
McRae W. (1926) Report of the imperial mycologist. Scientic Report of
Agricultural Research Institute Pusa 26: 54-69.
Shadap A., Hegde N. K. and Pariari A. (2013) Performance of ginger var.
Humnadad as influenced by planting dates under northern dry zone of Karnataka.
The Bioscan 8 (1): 131-133.
Black blotch by Pyricularia zingiberis Nishik.
Kotani S. and Kurata M. (1992) Black blotch of ginger rhizome by
Pyricularia zingiberi Nishikado. Annals of Phytopathological Society of
Japan 58: 469-472.
Rathaiah Y. (1980) Pyricularia leaf spot of ginger in Assam. Indian
Phytopathology 32 (2): 321-322.
Black rot by Memnoniella echinata (Rivolta) Galloway
Haware M. P., Joshi L. K. and Sharma N. D. (1975) Some rhizomiicolous and
foliicolous fungi of ginger from India. Sydowia 28: 143-147.
Blue mould rot by Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx
Overy D. P. and Frisvad J. C. (2005) Mycotoxin production and postharvest
storage rot of ginger (Zingiber officinale) by Penicillium
brevicompactum. Journal of Food Protection 68 (3): 607-609.
Charcoal rot by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid
Sarma Y. R. and Nambia K. K. N. (1974) Dry rot in ginger caused by
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Current Science 43: 487-488.
Fusarium yellows and rhizome rot by Fusarium equiseti
(Corda) Sacc.
Dohroo N. P. and Sharma S. L. (1984) Biological control of rhizome rot of
ginger in storage with Trichoderma viride. Indian Journal of Plant Pathology
2: 185-186.
Fusarium yellows and rhizome rot by F. oxysporum f. sp.
zingiberi Trujillo
Teakle D. S. (1965) Fusarium rhizome rot of ginger in Queensland.
Queensland Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science 22: 263-272.
Trujillo E. E. (1963) Fusarium yellows and rhizome rot of common
ginger. Phytopathology 53 (11): 1370-1371.
Fusarium yellows and rhizome rot by F. solani
(Mart.) Sacc.
Kuma S. N. S. (1977) Ginger rot by Fusarium solani. Journal of
Plantation Crops 5: 122.
Grey rot by Trichurus spiralis Hasselbr.
Sharma N. D. and Joshi L. K. (1976) Three new storage diseases of ginger (Zingiber
officinale (L.) Rosc.). Science and Culture 42: 176-178.
Sullia S. B. and Khan K. R. (1980) Fungal diseases of certain vegetables and
fruits marketed in Bangalore city. National Academy of Science Letters 3:
137-138.
Khuskia leaf spot by Khuskia oryzae Hudson (as Nigrospora oryzae (Berk.
& Broome) Petch)
Grech N. M., Willers P., Frean R. T. and Marx D. H. (1989) A new leaf spot of
ginger in Southern Africa and its control. Journal of Phytopathology 126:
323-324.
Lasiodiplodia rot by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Grifon & Maubl.
Wilson K. I. and Balagopal C. (1971) Dry rot of ginger rhizomes caused by
Diplodia natalensis. Indian Phytopathology 24: 385-386.
Nectria red rot by Nectria inventa Pethybr.
Haware M. P., Joshi L. K. and Sharma N. D. (1975) Some rhizomiicolous and
foliicolous fungi of ginger from India. Sydowia 28: 143-147.
Sharma N. D. and Joshi L. K. (1976) Three new storage diseases of ginger (Zingiber
officinale (L.) Rosc.). Science and Culture 42: 176-178.
Phoma leaf spot by Phoma exigua Desm. var. exigua
Rai M. K. (1993) Identity and taxonomy of hitherto unreported pathogen
causing leaf-spot disease of ginger in India. Mycotaxon 46: 329-333.
Phoma red rot by Phoma hawaiiensis Trujillo et al.
Trujillo E. E., Nishijima W., Menezes T., Lipp R. and Yow R. (1996) Pink
blush and red rot of edible ginger, and pink root rot of sugar cane, caused by
Phoma hawaiiensis sp. nov. Journal of Hawaiian and Pacific Agriculture
7: 1-9.
Phyllosticta leaf spot by Phyllosticta zingiberis (Ramakr.) Stevens
& Ryan
Ramakrishman T. S. (1942) A leaf spot disease of Zingiber officinale
caused by Phyllosticta zingiberi sp. nov. Proceedings of the Indian
Academy of Science, Section B 20 (4): 167-171.
Sohi H. S., Jain S. S., Sharma S. L. and Verma B. R. (1964) New records of
plant diseases from Himachal Pradesh. Indian Phytopathology 17 (1):
35-41.
Pseudocercospora leaf spot by Pseudocercospora zingiberis (Rathaiah)
Deighton
Rathaiah Y. (1987) A new species of Cercoseptoria causing a leaf spot
of ginger. Mycologia 73 (4): 774-777.
Pythium soft rot by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.
Ichitani T. and Shinsu T. (1980) Pythium zingiberum
causing rhizome rot of ginger plants and its distribution. Annals of
Phytopathological Society of Japan 46: 435-441 (English abstract).
Li Y., Mao L. G., Yan D. D., Liu X. M., Ma T. T., Shen J., Liu P. F.,
Li, Z., Wang Q. X., Ouyang C. B., Guo M. X. and Cao A. C. (2014) First report in
China of soft rot of ginger caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Plant Disease
98: 1011.
Pythium soft rot by P. deliense Meurs
Haware M. P. and Joshi L. K. (1974) Studies on soft rot
of ginger from Madhya Pradesh. Indian Phytopathology 27: 158-161.
Pythium soft rot by P. graminicola Subram.
Trujillo E. E. (1964) Disease of ginger (Zingiber
officinale) in Hawaii, Circular Hawaii Agricultural Expirment Station,
University of Hawaii.
Lomavatu M. F., Conroy J. and Aitken E. A. B. (2009)
Molecular identification of Pythium isolates of ginger from Fiji and
Australia. In: Williamson P. (Ed.), 17th Biennial Australasian Plant
Pathology Society Conference, Newcastle, NSW.
Pythium soft rot by P. myriotylum Drechsler
Philip S. (2005) Pathogenicity and characterization of
Pythium species causing soft rot of ginger. In: Parthasarathy V. A. (Ed.),
Abstracts of M.Sc.and Ph.D Dissertations on spice crops. Indian Institute of
Spices Research, p. 26.
Stirling G. R., Turaganivalu U., Stirling A. M.,
Lomavatu M. F. and Smith M. K. (2009) Rhizome rot of ginger (Zingiber
officinale) caused by Pythium myriotylum in Fiji and Australia.
Australasian Plant Pathology 38: 453-460.
Tsai Y. P. (1991) List of plant diseases in Taiwan.
The Plant Protection Society of the Republic of China and the Phytopathological
Society of the Republic of China, Taichung, Taiwan.
Lin L. T., Chang S. S. and Leu L. S. (1971) Soft rot of
ginger. Plant Protection Bulletin of Taiwan 13: 54-67.
C.M.I. (1966) Pythium myriotylum. Commonwealth
Agricultural Bureaux, Great Britain.
Pythium soft rot by P. spinosum Sawada
Teakle D. S. (1960) Species of Pythium in
Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science 17: 15-31.
Ichitani T. and Shinsu T. (1981) Detection of Pythium
zingiberum causing rhizome rot disease of ginger from soils of surrounding
area of continuous indoor cropping for immature rhizome production. Annals of
the Phytopathological Society of Japan 47: 158-165.
Pythium soft rot by P. splendens Braun
Liu P. S. W. (1977) A supplement to a host list of plant
diseases in Sabah, Malaysia. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew.
Shanmugam V., Dohroo N. P., Gupta M., Gangta V. and
Dohroo, A. (2010) First report of Pythium splendens on ginger. Journal
of Plant Pathology 92: S109.
Pythium soft rot by P. ultimum Trow
Dohroo, N.P. (2001) Etiology and management of storage
rot of ginger in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Phytopathology 54: 49-54.
Ichitani T. and Shinsu T. (1980) Pythium zingiberum causing rhizome
rot of ginger plants and its distribution. Annals of the Phytopathological
Society of Japan 46: 435-441 (English abstract).
Pythium soft rot by P. vexans de Bary
Ramakrishnan T. S. (1949) The occurrence of Pythium
vexans de Bary in South India. Indian Phytopathology 2: 27-30.
Lomavatu M. F., Conroy J. and Aitken E. A. B. (2009) Molecular identification
of Pythium isolates of ginger from Fiji and Australia. In: Williamson P.
(Ed.), 17th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference,
Newcastle, NSW.
Pythium soft rot by P. zingiberis Takahashi
Takahashi M. (1954) Pythium zingiberum causing rhizome rot of ginger
plants and its distribution. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan
18: 435-441.
Yang K. D., Kim H. M., Lee W. H. and So I. Y. (1988)
Studies on rhizome rot of ginger caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp
zingiberi and Pythium zingiberum. Korean Journal of Plant
Pathology 4: 271-277.
Rosellinia rot by Rosellinia bunodes (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Stevens F. L. and Atienza J. D. (1931) Diseases of cultivated ginger.
Philippine Agriculturist 20: 171-176.
Sclerotial blight by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
Haware M. P. and Joshi L. K. (1973) Basal rot of ginger (Zingiber
officinale) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii from Madhya Pradesh.
Indian Phytopathology 26 (3): 575-576.
Shoestring rot by Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer
Pegg K. G., Moffett M. L. and Colbran R. C. (1974) Diseases of ginger in
Queensland. Queensland Agricultural Journal 100: 611-618.
Thread blight by Rhizoctonia sp.
Kato K. and Hirota K. (1971) A new disease: sheath blight of ginger.
Annals of Phytopathological Society of Japan 37: 169.
Sundram N. V. (1954) Thread blight of ginger. Indian Phytopathology 6
(2): 80-85.
Yang G. H., Conner R. L., Cai H., Li F. and Chen Y. Y. (2008) First report of
rhizome blight of ginger caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-R in China.
Plant Disease 92: 312.
NEMATODE DISEASES
Burrowing nematode by Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne
Bridge J. (1988) Plant-parasitic nematode problems in the
Pacific Islands. Journal of Nematology 20:173-183.
Turaganivalu U. and Stirling G. R. (2013) Burrowing
nematode (Radopholus similis): a severe pathogen of ginger in Fiji.
Australasian Plant Pathology 42: 431-436.
Reniform nematode by Rotylenchus reniformis Linford & Oliveira
Bridge J. (1988) Plant-parasitic nematode problems in the Pacific Islands.
Journal of Nematology 20 (2): 173-183.
Root-knot nematode by Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood
Bridge J. and Starr J. L. (2007) Plant nematodes of
agricultural importance: a color handbook. Academic Press. The United States
of America, p. 88-89.
Root-knot nematode by Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood
Bridge J. and Starr J. L. (2007) Plant nematodes of
agricultural importance: a color handbook. Academic Press. The United States
of America, p. 88-89.
Root-knot nematode by Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White)
Chitwood
Colbran R. C. and Davis J. J. (1969) Studies of hot water
treatment and soil fumigation for control of root knot in ginger. Queensland
Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 26: 399-445.
Mammen K. V. (1973) Root-gall nematodes as a serious pest
of ginger in Kerala. Current Science 42: 549.
Haynes P. H., Partridge I. J. and Sivan P. (1973) Ginger
production in Fiji. Fiji Agricultural Journal 35: 51–56.
Handoo Z. A., Skantar A. M., Carta L. K. and Erbe E. F.
(2005) Morphological and molecular characterization of a new root knot nematode,
Meloidogyne thailandica n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) parasitizing
ginger (Zingiber sp.). Journal of Nematology 37 (3): 343-353.
Root-knot nematode by Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood
Colbran R. C. and Davis J. J. (1969) Studies of hot water
treatment and soil fumigation for control of root knot in ginger. Queensland
Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 26: 399-445.
Root-knot nematode by Meloidogyne konaensis Eisenback, Bernard &
Schmitt
Zhang F. and Schemitt D. P. (1994) Host status of 32 plant
species to Meloidogyne konaenis. Supplement to Journal of
Nematology 26 (4S): 744-748.
Root-knot nematodes by Meloidogyne thailandica
Handoo, Skantar, Carta & Erbe
Handoo Z. A., Skantar A. M., Carta L. K. and Erbe E. F.
(2005) Morphological and molecular characterization of a new root knot nematode,
Meloidogyne thailandica n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) parasitizing
ginger (Zingiber sp.). Journal of Nematology 37 (3): 343-353.
Root lesion nematode by Pratylenchus coffeae Goodey
Chau N. N., Thanh N. V., De Waele D. and Geraert E. (1997)
Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with banana in Vietnam. International
Journal of Nematology 7: 122-126.
Bridge J. and Starr J. L. (2007) Plant nematodes of
agricultural importance: a color handbook. Academic Press. The United States
of America, p. 88-89.
VIRAL DISEASES
Chlorotic fleck by ginger chlorotic fleck virus
Suryanarayana V. and Pant R. P. (2008) Mosaic and veinal fleck on ginger in
Karnataka - A viral disease associated with isometric particles. Indian
Journal of Virology 19: 124.
Thomas J. E. (1986) Purification and properties of ginger chlorotic fleck
virus. Annals of Applied Biology 108 (1): 43-50.
Mosaic by ginger mosaic virus
Nambiar K. K. N. and Sarma Y. R. (1975) Mosaic disease of ginger (Zingiber
officinale). Arecanut Spices Bulletin 6 (4): 3-4.
So I. Y. (1980) Studies on ginger mosaic virus. Korean Journal of Plant
Protection 19 (2): 67-72.
Suryanarayana V. and Pant R. P. (2008) Mosaic and veinal fleck on ginger in
Karnataka - A viral disease associated with isometric particles. Indian
Journal of Virology 19: 124.
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